Mercedes-Benz C-Class W202 (1993–2000)

The first generation W202 Mercedes C-Class was introduced in 1993, as a replacement for the Mercedes-Benz W201 (190), and proved successful among high-end car buyers. The Mercedes C-Class sedan was the company's entry-level model up until 1997, when Mercedes launched the Mercedes A-Class. Styling themes were carried over from the previous W201 series, but the new series had a smoother and rounder design than the previous generation of compact Mercedes.

Engines
On its debut, the Mercedes C-Class was the only Mercedes model with a complete lineup of multi-valve engines. The new family of four cylinder petrol units, called M111, debuted in the Mercedes C 180 (1.8 L, 132 PS (97 kW; 130 hp)), Mercedes C 200 (2.0 L, 138 PS (101 kW; 136 hp) and Mercedes C 220 (2.2 L, 154 PS (113 kW; 152 hp), the only four cylinder of the range sold in the U.S.). In 1996 the Mercedes C 220 was replaced by the Mercedes C 230, enlarged to 2.3 L displacement but with the same output, although with torque increased to 220 N·m (162 lb·ft). The Mercedes C 280 was the high end model of the class, with a four-valve-per-cylinder straight-6 engine, capable of reaching 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp).

Four-cylinder diesel models were equipped with the same OM601 engine of the 190, in the 2.0 L and 2.2 L versions. Many of these diesel variants were sold as taxis, due to their low fuel consumption and strong reliability. There were also more powerful OM605 five cylinder engines which were available in naturally aspired (C 250 D) and turbocharged (C 250 TD) forms. The turbodiesel was introduced in 1995 and is one of the novelties in the engine range available from this year. The most important was a supercharged version of the M111 straight four, the Mercedes C 230 Kompressor, using a Roots-type supercharger to generate 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) at 5300 rpm: Mercedes-Benz reused supercharger technology after 50 years. Due to the tax law in Italy and Portugal, models in those countries featured a supercharged version of the smaller 2.0 L (Mercedes C 200 Kompressor), which had a similar output of the Mercedes C 230 Kompressor.

With the restyling in 1997, a lot of things changed under the hood of the Baby Benz. The most important innovation was the OM611, equipped with a common rail direct injection system (co-developed with Bosch). The new model was named Mercedes C 220 CDI, and had an improvement in output of 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp) compared with the Mercedes C 220 Diesel, better fuel average and lower emissions. Another revolution occurred to the six cylinder engines, as the legendary straight six were replaced by an all new family of V6, the M112. The new engines featured SOHC heads instead of the previous DOHC, three valves per cylinder instead of four, and twin sparkplugs. The four-cylinder Mercedes C 230 was replaced by the Mercedes C 240 (2.4 L) and the I6 Mercedes C 280 by the V6 Mercedes C 280. These changes theoretically reduced emissions, and improved fuel consumption, without sacrificing power (the Mercedes C 280 in fact had a slight 4 PS (3 kW; 4 hp) increase with the change).

In the last four years of production, the Mercedes W202 received a few changes in the choices of engine. In 1998, a less powerful version of the 2.2 L turbodiesel was added, called Mercedes C 200 CDI, which replaced the Mercedes C 220 Diesel. In 2000, the Mercedes C 200 Kompressor T's output was cut to 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp), the Mercedes C 240 T displacement was enlarged from 2.4 L to 2.6 L, but output remained at 170 PS (130 kW; 170 hp) and the Mercedes C 180 got a 2.0 L engine.

Transmissions
At the launch all Mercedes W202 variants were equipped with a 5-speed manual gearbox. The 722.4 4-speed automatic transmission, also called 4G-TRONIC, was available as extra cost (standard on the C 36 AMG). In 1996 this old transmission - which was on sale since 1981 - was replaced by a 5-speed automatic gearbox (aka 722.5 or 5G-TRONIC), which received the manual shifting in 1999 (722.6). In 2000 the T-Modell, the only still on sale, was equipped with the G56 6-speed manual transmission.

Safety
At the launch the Mercedes C-Class had a standard driver airbag, ABS and integrated side-impact protection; the front passenger airbag became standard from 1995 onwards, and from the same period Traction control (ETS in the 4-cylinder models, combined with limited slip differential (ASD) or ASR in the 6 cylinders models) was available as extra cost. In 1997 ASR became standard in the Mercedes C 280s equipped with the automatic transmission and in the Mercedes C 36 AMG, as ETS in the 4-cylinder models, except for the Mercedes C 180 and the Mercedes C 220 Diesel.

With the 1997 restyling ASR became standard in all the models, except in the Mercedes C 180 and Mercedes C 220 Diesel. This last model continued to offer ETS available as extra cost. Moreover front side airbags and Brake assist (BAS) came in the list of standard safety features. The two basic models finally joined ASR in 1998, and, in 1999, the W202 was the first mid-size sedan to offer ESP as standard in all the range.

AMG models
In 1995, the Mercedes C-Class received its first genuine performance model, the Mercedes C 36 AMG, to counter the new six-cylinder BMW M3. Developed with AMG, the tuning house that had now become a subsidiary of Daimler-Benz, it had a racing-tuned suspension (lowered by 25 mm (1 in)) and in the USA, a four-speed automatic gearbox, followed by a standard five-speed automatic gearbox. The 3.6 L engine had a maximum output of 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) at 5750 rpm and 385 N·m (284 lb·ft) at 4000 rpm. Top speed was electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph). Only a total of 5200 Mercedes C 36 AMGs were produced.

In late 1997 (1998 model year) Mercedes AMG developed a new flagship for the Mercedes C-Class, the Mercedes C 43 AMG, powered by a 4.3 L V8, which could now achieve 306 PS (225 kW; 302 hp) at 5850 rpm, with a torque of 410 N·m (302 lb·ft) at 3250 rpm. Unlike the Mercedes C36, which was in fact a "ready-to-sell" Mercedes C280 disassembled for tuning at the AMG factory, the Mercedes C43 was the first AMG car to be completely assembled at the AMG plant in Affalterbach after the acquisition of Mercedes AMG by Daimler-Benz in 1998. The Mercedes C43 AMG can achieve a 0–100 km/h (0-60 mph) time in 5.8 seconds for the saloon version and 6.1 seconds for the estate. The Mercedes C43 was the first Mercedes C-Class to be equipped with a Mercedes-Benz V8 based engine.

Mercedes-Benz W202 C 43 AMG
Two versions exist: a saloon (chassis W202.033) and estate also called the "T version" (chassis W202.093). The overall body of the Mercedes C43 AMG estate version has many similarities with the C36 AMG, except for the front and rear bumpers as well as the side body, both of which were re-designed. The black engine cover with the chrome AMG and Mercedes-Benz star logos is also very typical from that period in this market segment.

Some differences have been reported between the 1998 and the 2000 version such as the ECU software on the 2000 version that seems to provide better gearbox performances and longer life to the gearbox. Also the 2000 model gives the possibility to up or down lift the steering wheel and has the Mercedes AMG forged letters on the brakes calipers.

The car was manufactured for a little more than two years – from the end of 1997 to the spring of 2000 for a total of 4,200 units 20% of which are estates and 80% saloons, with only 25 Mercedes C 43 vehicles of the 2000 model year imported to the US.

The Mercedes C43 is powered by a tuned version of the 4.3 liter M113 V8 engine originally found on the Mercedes W210 E 430 model. After modifications this engine delivers 306PS (225 kW) at 5,850rpm, up to 410Nm(302 lb/ft) of torque at 3,250rpm-5,000rpm (taken at the crank) and up to 241HP at 6,320rpm measured at the wheels. According to Mercedes-Benz, the car can reach 155.5MPH (250 km/h), with electronic speed limitation and 181MPH (291 km/h) without. Transmission is an Mercedes AMG-modified version of the five speed automatic gearbox found on 1998-2000 R129 SL 500. Main modifications were made in order to achieve a more crisper and better adapted gearbox to higher-rpm upshifts.Also the braking system has been taken from the Mercedes W210 E 55 AMG.

Mercedes-Benz C-Class

The Mercedes-Benz C-Class is a compact executive car produced by the Mercedes-Benz division of Daimler AG. First introduced in 1993 as a replacement for the 190 range (W201, also nicknamed “Baby-Benz”), the C-Class was the smallest model in the marque's lineup until the 1997 arrival of the A-Class. The C-Class is built at Mercedes-Benz factories in Sindelfingen and Bremen, Germany as well as in Mercedes's factories in Brazil and Daimler AG's South African factory in East London. The very first W202 C-Class sedan was produced on June 1, 1993, and the second generation W203 C-Class rolled off the assembly line on July 18, 2000. The third generation W204 C-Class was launched in 2007. The C-Class is the entry-level offering in Mercedes-Benz's United States lineup.

The C-Class platform has been used for several coupes, including the CLC-Class (and its predecessor, the C-Class Sportcoupe) and the E-class Coupe (and its predecessor, the CLK-Class).

Mercedes S-Class models W116 (1972)

In 1973, Mercedes-Benz introduced the Mercedes W116 line, the first to be officially called the S-Class. Produced from 1972 through 1979, the Mercedes W116 series featured a four-wheel independent suspension and disc brakes. The Mercedes 280, 350, and 450 (4.5L version) models featured SE and SEL versions. Production of the Mercedes W116 totaled 473,035 units. This was a groundbreaking sedan for Mercedes-Benz, and for the first time in the company history, the car had an obvious, blatant and outward emphasis on safety placed above a pure styling viewpoint. The overall design incorporated numerous safety features developed from the "safety research vehicles" in the mid-to-late 1960s to the very early 1970s.

These safety features were all newly-introduced passenger-car "firsts" on a production vehicle: padded door trim around the windows, heavily padded steering wheel (later to be replaced by an airbag with the Mercedes-Benz abbreviation of SRS standing for the English-language term Supplemental Restraint System), more comprehensive safety padding on the dashboard and around the interior, dual asymmetric windshield wipers, headrests with a center depression to locate the occupant's head in a more central position during a rear impact, a rain-water management system to improve visibility consisting of deep channels on both sides of the windshield and flowing into deeply channeled rain gutters, including similar designs on the side mirrors, rounded body shapes along the edges, such as the tops of the front fenders, etc., designed to ameliorate pedestrian injuries, ribbed rear taillamp lenses which would remain clearer of dirt on the recessed areas, an easy-to-access first aid kit stowed in a recessed compartment on the rear parcel shelf prominently labeled with the universally-recognized "cross" symbol which represents "first aid", and several other subtle safety features related to both active and passive safety.

The Mercedes W116 models were large luxury sedans. The Mercedes W116 was larger on the outside than the Mercedes W108/W109 series it replaced, but had similar interior capacity, as the additional bulk was driven by several new and aforementioned engineering developments on car safety and occupant protection in a crash. The Mercedes W116 introduced other improved passive safety features into the vehicle design, including a strengthened vehicle occupant shell. It was one of the first cars to be available with ABS, a driver's airbag supplemental restraint system (but not available at the vehicle's initial launch), and the first appearance of a turbocharger for the diesel engine.

The Mercedes 450SE, then the most powerful model in the Mercedes W116 lineup, was awarded European Car of the Year in 1974. At the New England Auto Show in 1972 held in the fall season in Boston, the Munroney Label (window sticker) of a 1973 Mercedes 450SE was right at $13,000. 1973 was the first model year of the Mercedes W116 for the US market. Starting in 1975, the Mercedes W116 was upgraded with a new fuel injection system in order to comply with revised exhaust emission standards in European markets. A slight power reduction was a result of this update, but in 1978, a series of further engine upgrades restored original performance levels under the new fuel injection systems.

Engines

With the Mercedes W116 models, the V8-engines of the Mercedes 350/450 SE/SEL models were now regular options. Due to the oil crisis, fuel efficiency was the major concern for the engineers, yet they still added also the high-performance, limited-production 450 SEL 6.9. This 8-cylinder model, affectionately referred to as simply "the 6.9", boasted the largest engine installed in a postwar Mercedes-Benz up to that time. Every 450 SEL 6.9 featured a self-leveling hydropneumatic suspension, and offered the ABS anti-lock braking system as an option from 1978 onwards. Also, in the United States and Canada only, Mercedes-Benz introduced the economical but powerful 3.0 liter 5-cylinder turbodiesel in 1978, sold as the Mercedes 300SD.

Mercedes W108 (1965)

With Mercedes "Fintails" being passé and dropped in favor of a look similar to the Mercedes 600, the updated and larger Mercedes W108/W109 lines were introduced in 1965. With the Mercedes W108/W109 series, the range received V8 power for the first time (from 1969). The Mercedes W108 line launched with an initial lineup of straight-6 powered models using the M129, 2.5 liter engine. The unusual high-displacement 300 SEL 6.3 V8 model was based on this body type. The Mercedes W108 line, which included the Mercedes 250S, 250SE, 280S 280SE and 280SEL (long wheelbase) models, was larger than the Fintail models it replaced, and also eliminated the characteristic design feature of the previous model.

During this period, the designation S or SE was used for short wheelbase models including Mercedes 250S, 250SE, 280S, 280SE and 300SE. The "E" stands for the German word "Einspritzen" which was a reference to the vehicle being equipped with fuel injection for the engine. Vehicles without the E designation as part of the model number or nomenclature retained the carburetor setup. Long wheelbase models (extended by 4 inches in the rear doors) were designated SEL (L= lang or long). Since the advent of the Mercedes W108 series, the Mercedes-Benz S-Class has always included two wheelbase lengths, although not all wheelbases are sold in every country. The Mercedes 300 SE and Mercedes 300 SEL models were classified as Mercedes W109 chassis and had rear air suspension compared to coil spring based rear suspension of Mercedes W108 models. The more powerful Mercedes 300SE and Mercedes 300SEL models were the most luxurious versions of the Mercedes W108 line, with available burl walnut interior trim, automatic transmission, and power windows.

In 1968, the Mercedes W108 line dropped the Mercedes 250S and Mercedes 250SE in favor of Mercedes S-Class models with the larger engined 280S (in carbureted form) and the 280SE (with fuel injection); the 300SE/SEL models were later offered with a 3.5 litre V8 engine (in both the SE and SEL form) and 4.5 litre and 6.3 litre V8 engines (in the SEL model only). The W108/109 lines, which eventually supplanted the W111 lines, were not available with 4-cylinder engines, and thus established the distinct S-Class market position which continues to the present day.

Mercedes Fintail (1959)

The Mercedes W111 "Fintail" series debuted in 1959. Initially powered by a line of straight-6 engines (the M180 and M127), it set a new standard for luxury. In 1961, the W111 series was augmented with a line of 3.0 L straight-6 cars, the Mercedes W112. The Mercedes W112 was the most luxurious model in the Mercedes-Benz lineup until surpassed by the Mercedes W100 line's model 600 limousines in 1963. The Mercedes W111/W112 lines contained sedan, coupe, and convertible Mercedes models.

The Fintail was among the first cars in the world to have crumple zones and disc brakes, and for the top of range Mercedes W112 models, an air suspension. The characteristic name referred to a styling feature on the rear section of the Mercedes W111/W112 models, the Heckflosse ("Fintail") which resembled the larger fins then in fashion on American luxury cars produced by Cadillac and Buick.

The Mercedes W112 300SE sedan, as "300 SE long" with a 10 cm longer wheelbase, was for the short period the top model of Mercedes, succeeding the baroque "Großer Mercedes" ("Grand Mercedes") 300, 300b, 300c, and 300d, which were often associated with chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Since the debut of the Mercedes W111 300SEL, each iteration of the Mercedes S-Class has included short and long wheelbase models, with the latter models (such as the W109) typically being the most luxurious, powerful, and well-equipped. In 1965, the Mercedes W111 line also added the Mercedes 230S sedan.

The larger Mercedes W111/W112 Fintail models should not be confused with a smaller Fintail line, the Mercedes W110, which was also produced in 1961 (derived from the W111 line) and was essentially the predecessor of today's Mercedes E-Class. The Mercedes W110 featured a shorter hood for the "economy" models 190c and 190Dc. The different six-cylinder "S"-versions of the Mercedes W111 mainly differed from the smaller 4-cylinder Mercedes W110 variants by a different length of the front, and the amount of chrome applied.

Mercedes Ponton (1954)

The Mercedes W180 line debuted in 1954, and is the first lineup of "Ponton" models associated with the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The Mercedes W180 featured six-cylinder sedan, coupé, and convertible models, and was produced until 1957. The later Mercedes W128 lineup, introduced in the mid-to-late 1950s, was the last to be associated with the "Ponton" name. It featured the 220a, 219 (W105), 220S, and 220SE models (sedan, coupé, and cabriolet) powered by a 2.2L straight-6, and came to ten. The Mercedes "Ponton" designation referred to pontoon fenders, a stylistic feature on the W180/W128 models.

The "Ponton" lineup included four- and six-cylinder models, but only the six-cylinder Mercedes W180 and W128 lines are considered part of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class chronology, as they were the most powerful "Ponton" versions available. Both "Ponton" models were Mercedes' first without a conventional frame, using a unitized body/frame construction.

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